Fibroblast-epithelial metabolic coupling in laryngeal cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the Fibroblast-epithelial metabolic coupling among laryngeal cancers and its prognostic roles METHODS: We reviewed the clinical information of patients with laryngeal cancer in our department. Paraffin-embedded tissues from included patients were immune-stained with antibodies towards MCT4 and TOMM20 and evaluated for stromal and epithelial expression. Survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were applied to investigate the prognostic factor of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. TCGA database was used to validate our result. RESULTS: Stromal MCT4 and TOMM20 were both significantly associated with each other among laryngeal cancer tissues. High expression of both Stromal MCT4 and TOMM20 is related to poor prognosis in laryngeal cancer. Stromal MCT4 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for laryngeal cancer. Furthermore, cancer cell MCT4 expression has no relationship with the clinical characteristics of laryngeal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support that the phenomenon of metabolic symbiosis was exist in the laryngeal cancer tissue. In addition, TOMM20 and stromal MCT4 could be used as new therapeutic targets for laryngeal cancer.

[Impact of Marine-atmospheric Process on Aerosol Number Size Distribution in the South China Sea].

The shipboard measurements of aerosol number concentration from August 28th to October 13th, 2012 were conducted to analyze the characteristics of temporal-spatial distribution and number size distribution of marine aerosol in the South China Sea. The impact of meteorological condition on the marine aerosol was also analyzed in this paper. The result showed that the temporal-spatial distribution and number size distribution of marine aerosol were influenced by the backward trajectory of the air masses and the time they spent over the sea, and the meteorological conditions in the local sea area such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and cloud cover. In terms of temporal-spatial distribution of marine aerosol in the South China Sea, the aerosol in the sea areas under the influence of continental air mass concentration showed much higher concentration than that in the clean maritime air mass (2300 cm-3 vs. 1200 cm-3). During the ship observation, three kinds of number size distribution of marine aerosol were found and classified:polluted type, marine type 1 and marine type 2 (clean). All the distributions had a similar sub-micron mode and a similar coarse mode. The marine type 2 (clean) had the same distribution shape as polluted type except that the value of concentration was much lower. The sub-micron peak of marine type 1 appeared near 0.08 µm and its concentration was significantly higher than that of marine type 2 (clean). Non-precipitating clouds as well as abundant moisture contributed to the growth of ultrafine particles to the size of accumulation mode aerosol (0.05-0.12 µm). Number concentration of particles in this range showed weak positive correlation with wind speed since wind can enhance the efficiency of sea-air exchange and accelerate the release of gas precursors of sulfate aerosol to the atmosphere. The concentration of coarse particles ranging from 0.5-6 µm in diameter strongly depended on the wind speed, and the correlation coefficient reached a value of 0.7.

[Variation of atmospheric particle number concentrations in Qingdao and its impact on visibility].

Atmospheric particle number concentrations were measured from September 2010 to August 2011 with potable light house laser particle counter to study the variation of atmospheric particle concentrations and its impact on visibility in Qingdao. Backward trajectory was calculated by Hysplit model. Statistical analysis was done to discuss the influence of meteorological factors on the atmospheric particle number concentrations and visibility. It was shown that the atmospheric particle number concentrations were the highest in winter and spring, followed by autumn, and the lowest in summer. Air mass from Xinjiang and Gansu regions resulted in higher particle concentrations, while the atmospheric particles from the northeast and the ocean had lower concentrations. The variation of atmospheric particle number concentrations presented a good negative correlation with the variation of wind speed, relative humidity and mixed-layer height. When the air mass came from west or northwest, the surface wind direction was south or southeast and the mixed-layer height was low, the number concentration of fine particles was likely to be higher, which tended to cause low visibility phenomenon.

Aerosol background at two remote CAWNET sites in western China.

The frequency distributions and some statistical features of background aerosol concentrations were investigated at two remote China Atmosphere Watch Network (CAWNET) stations. The estimated elemental carbon (EC) background at Akdala (AKD) in the mid-latitudes of northwestern China (approximately 0.15 microg m(-3)) was only half of that at Zhuzhang (ZUZ) in low-latitude southwestern China (approximately 0.30 microg m(-3)). The contributions of EC to the aerosol mass also differed between sites: EC contributed 3.5% of the PM(10) mass at AKD versus 5.1% at ZUZ. Large percentages of the total organic carbon (OC) apparently were secondary organic carbon (SOC); SOC/OC averaged 81% at ZUZ and 68% at AKD. The OC/EC ratios in PM(10) (ZUZ: 11.9, AKD: 12.2) were comparable with other global background sites, and the OC/EC ratios were used to distinguish polluted periods from background conditions. The SO(4)(2)(-), NH(4)(+) and soil dust loadings at AKD were higher and more variable than at ZUZ, probably due to impacts of pollution from Russia and soil dust from the Gobi and adjacent deserts. In contrast to ZUZ, where the influences from pollution were weaker, the real-time PM(10) mass concentrations at AKD were strongly skew right and the arithmetic mean concentrations of the aerosol populations were higher than their medians. Differences in the aerosol backgrounds between the sites need to be considered when evaluating the aerosol's regional climate effects.